This dental device was sold to fix patients' jaws. [26] A Slavic kingdom could have been a bulwark against Serb irredentism, and Franz Ferdinand was therefore perceived as a threat by those same irredentists. The Black Hand had several assassins positioned along the route. On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated at Sarajevo. Many Serbs consider Princip a national hero. Hear about the effects of the recruiting driveon young men of Britain to join the army. [58], On the morning of 30 May Prvanovi's revenue sergeants assembled and Sergeant Budivoj Grbi accepted the task and led Princip and Grabe by foot to Isakovi's Island, a small island in the middle of the Drina River that separated Serbia from Bosnia. Walter Rappolt, who lived in Hamburg, explains the competition between Germany and Britain. [11] Conspiracy to commit high treason carried a maximum sentence of death which conspiracy to commit simple murder did not. Princip told abrinovi to go alone to Zvornik, make an official crossing there using Grabe's ID card and then go on to Tuzla and link back up. [103], The bodies were transported to Trieste by the battleship SMSViribus Unitis and then to Vienna by special train. With tensions already running high among Europes powers, the assassination precipitated a rapid descent into World War I. immersed in the myth, personally identifying himself with the Kosovo heroes, while it is known that Princip knew the entire Petar II Petrovi-Njego's The Mountain Wreath, one of the most celebrated works in the South Slavic literature that glorifies the heroic ideals and spirit of the Kosovo Myth. Hence, he decided, in 1914, to inspect the army in Bosnia. "I think theres this attitude a little bit that a terrorist attack caused all this, really it was a response to the terrorist attack that lead to everything after this," Carlin said. "[150][151] Vladimir Dedijer in The Road to Sarajevo presented additional testimonial evidence that Malobabi arrived in Sarajevo on the eve of the Sarajevo attack and gave the final go-ahead for the operation to Danilo Ili. He then asked: "No one else knew of it beyond Ciganovi and ourselves. 418 Words 2 Pages Decent Essays Lawsuits claim it wrecked their teeth. Ili had placed Vaso ubrilovi next to Mehmedbai, arming him with a pistol and a bomb. MacKenzie writes that "the royal corpses were then stripped and brutally sabred. We had news of the assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand and his wife, and the next thing we knew war was declared on Serbia. It then sent Serbia an ultimatum, worded in a way that made acceptance unlikely. When I was seventeen I passed whole nights at his grave, reflecting on our wretched condition and thinking of him. There would have been no World War II without it, no communism without it, no modern Middle East. Norwich ProAugust 1st, 2017. [162] The defendants refused or were unable to provide details under examination. By mistake, however, the first three cars turned onto a side street right where Princip happened to be standing. This assassination quickly set off a chain reaction of events culminating in the outbreak of World War I. [71] The second car carried the Mayor and the Chief of Police of Sarajevo. On the morning of the 28th June 1914, a team of seven assassins lined the Appel Quay, in Sarajevo; patiently lying in wait for their quarry, the Archduke Franz Ferdinandheir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. It was 28 June 1914, in the Bosnian capital of Sarajevo. To this day, it remains unclear whether the Serbian government participated in the scheme. His name appeared in Serbian documents captured by Austria-Hungary during the war. The Origin of the Tale that Gavrilo Princip Was Eating a Sandwich When "It reminds me of the Kennedy assassination, where you have a world leader in an open top car going down the street, the public on both sides of the street, and his wife next to him; killed by a gunman. "[143] Jovanovi came back from the meeting with Bilinski and told Lejanin that "Bilinski showed no sign of attaching great importance to the total message and dismissed it limiting himself to remarking when saying goodbye and thanking him: 'Let us hope nothing does happen. The event triggered the start of World War. The fact that Milan Ciganovi was involved, that the key officers involved were "Black Hand" members,[156][157] that "Black Hand" Provincial Director for Bosnia and Herzegovina Vladimir Gainovi was consulted[158] and that there was no official budget for the operation favors assigning responsibility to the "Black Hand". Franz Ferdinand's uncle, the emperor, ruled over its many ethnic communities with difficulty. The political objective of the assassination was to free Bosnia and Herzegovina of Austria-Hungarian rule and establish a common South Slav ("Yugoslav") state. [174][175] It also demanded that Austro-Hungarian officials should take part in the Serbian inquiry into the assassination plot. Princip checked in with Ili, visited his family in Hadici and returned to Sarajevo on 6 June taking up residence at Ili's mother's house with Ili. On June 28, 1914, Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, were visiting Sarajevo when the two were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand. Shot through the neck, choking on his own blood with his beloved wife dying beside him, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of the Habsburg Empire, managed a few words before losing consciousness: "It's nothing," he repeatedly said of his fatal wound. Princip said that eraji "was my first model. he concluded. At 10:10 am,[75] Franz Ferdinand's car approached and abrinovi threw his bomb. [102], There is a myth which states that Princip had eaten a sandwich at Schiller's delicatessen just prior to the shooting, but there are no primary sources from the time which mention this. Answer (1 of 21): To particularize the answer of William Smith: The Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary was a nation in the process of falling apart slowly. While militarism was not the sole cause of World War One, it undoubtedly played its part, and is now considered to be one of four longterm causes for WW1, along with alliances, imperialism and nationalism . The archduke's chamberlain, Baron Rumerskirch, proposed that the couple remain at the Town Hall until troops could be brought into the city to line the streets. On the morning of Sunday 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Countess Sophie Chotek von Chotkowa und Wognin, arrived by train in the city of Sarajevo and joined a motorcade for the ride to the city hall. [28], The day of the assassination, 28 June (15 June in the Julian calendar), is the feast of St. Vitus. Princip was found guilty of murder and high treason; too young to be executed, he was sentenced to twenty years in jail, while the four other attackers also received jail terms. Amongst those tried, four of the defendants had confessed their roles in Sarajevo and their final sentences were as follows:[135], In justifying the executions, Prime Minister Pai wrote to his envoy in London: "Dimitrijevi (Apis) besides everything else admitted he had ordered Franz Ferdinand to be killed. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand was the sparking event that caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia and officially started the Great War. Rather than immediately flee Sarajevo, Ferdinand decided to continue on to the planned event at city hall. On June 28, 1914 Franz Ferdinand and his wife were in the third car of a motorcade traveling through Sarajevo to the Town Hall. Soon all the Great Powers except Italy had chosen sides and gone to war. At waterloo. [90] The Sarajevo Chief of Police Edmund Gerde, who had earlier repeatedly warned Potiorek of insufficient security precautions for the imperial visit, was asked by one of the Archduke's aides to tell the drivers of the new route, but in the confusion and tensions of the moment, he neglected to do so. 1. This places the cabinet minister's discussions in late May and the information release to some time before that. What did World War 1 accomplish? They and their weapons reached the island on 31 May. Nationalism was one of the main causes of World War I, which began in July of 1914, following the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.In fact, historians consider it to be one of four main long-term causes of the war, along with: militarism, alliance systems and imperialism.Nationalism was a particularly important cause of World War I due to several key factors. Neville Harvey didnt immediately realise it would mean war. [19][20] Within Bosnia-Herzegovina, the networks of both the Black Hand and Narodna Odbrana penetrated to some extent local revolutionary movements such as Young Bosnia. But in 1914, the Habsburg family had ruled this empire for almost four centuries. In this episode, some of the people who lived through the First World War explain what they witnessed in the days leading up to its outbreak. Franz Ferdinand assasination: how a hit on one man plunged the world The spark that set off World War I came on June 28, 1914, when a young Serbian patriot shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Austria), in the city of Sarajevo. "[116] Two Serbs were killed on the first day of pogrom in Sarajevo, many were attacked, while around 1,000 houses, shops, schools and institutions (such as banks, hotels, printing houses) owned by Serbs were razed or pillaged. By the end of the war in November of 1918, almost ten million soldiers died and many more civilians lost their lives as well. The political objective of the assassination was to free Bosnia and Herzegovina of Austria-Hungarian rule and establish a common South Slav ("Yugoslav") state. On 26 March Ili and Mehmedbai had already agreed to kill Franz Ferdinand based on instructions from Belgrade predating the newspaper clipping and the discussions amongst the three assassins in Belgrade. "Do you think that Sarajevo is full of assassins?" A cemetery posted a personal ad for a goose whose mate died. SARAJEVO, BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. They were still much better rulers than the kingdom of Yugoslavia or communist Yugoslavia. How Did The Assassination Of Franz Ferdinand Cause Ww1 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - Wikipedia "[81], Officials and members of the Archduke's party discussed what to do next. On a whim, the couple drove in one evening to check out Sarajevos bazaars. There is evidence that Russia was at least aware of the plot before 14 June. On 28 June 1914 Gavrilo Princip shot and killed the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. [163] Albertini concluded that the source of the information was most likely Milan Ciganovi. Jesse Greenspan is a Bay Area-based freelance journalist who writes about history and the environment. The assassins met with Ciganovi and he put them off. Austria-Hungary had just annexed these provinces a few years earlier against the wishes of neighboring Serbia, which likewise coveted them. This set off a chain of events that led to war. [95] The assassin stepped up to the footboard of the car, and shot Franz Ferdinand and Sophie at pointblank range[94] using a Belgian-made Fabrique Nationale model 1910 .380 caliber pistol. But because of Franz Ferdinand's ill health in the 1890s, his younger brother Otto was regarded as more likely to . According to the program, at 10:00a.m., the motorcade was to leave the barracks for the town hall by way of the Appel Quay. In the 5 June 1914 report by the President of the Narodna Odbrana Boa Milanovi to Prime Minister Pai, one can sense the frustration of the President over the hijacking of his organization in the final sentence dealing with Sarajevo: "Boa has informed all the agents that they should not receive anyone unless he produces the password given by Boa."[63]. [68] Then, on approximately 17 June, Ili traveled to Brod (Dedijer puts it on 16 June, but trial records put it on 18 June). '"[120] Under questioning by defense counsel ubrilovi described in more detail the basis of the fears that he said had compelled him to cooperate with Princip and Grabe. [122] Princip deposed under cross-examination: "I am a Yugoslav nationalist and I believe in unification of all South Slavs in whatever form of state and that it be free of Austria." [4], The new dynasty was more nationalist, friendlier to Russia and less friendly to Austria-Hungary. abrinovi moved back into his father's house in Sarajevo. [178] The report of this incident was initially sketchy and reported to Emperor Franz-Joseph erroneously as "a considerable skirmish". As their allies got involved this conflict grew into World War I (WWI). followed by six or seven utterances of "It is nothing," in response to Harrach's inquiry as to Franz Ferdinand's injury. "[145] J. Jovanovi's account changed back and forth over the years and never adequately addressed Colonel Lejanin's statement. Following sentencing, abrinovi received a letter of complete forgiveness from the three young children the assassins had orphaned. "[18], In May 1911, the Black Hand, a secret society dedicated to creating a Greater Serbia through "terrorist action", was established by key members of the Narodna Odbrana including Dimitrijevi and Tankosi. [187] [48] The three assassins from Belgrade testified that Major Tankosi, directly and through Ciganovi, not only provided six hand grenades and four new Browning FN Model 1910 automatic pistols with .380 ACP ammunition,[47] but also money,[48] suicide pills,[49] training,[50] a special map with the location of gendarmes marked,[51] knowledge of contacts on a clandestine "tunnel" used to infiltrate agents and arms into Austria-Hungary,[52] and a small card authorizing the use of that tunnel. A Comparative Study of the July Crisis and Its Precursors", Newsreels about Franz Ferdinand's assassination at www.europeanfilmgateway.eu, Prison Interview with Gavrilo Princip after the Assassination, Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers, Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo School of Science and Technology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand&oldid=1135220308, Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, Improvised explosive device bombings in Europe, Terrorist incidents in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles using infobox templates with no data rows, Pages using infobox event with blank parameters, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Serbian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Death by hanging (executed 3 February 1915), Death by hanging; commuted to 20 years in prison by Kaiser Franz-Joseph based on the recommendation of the Finance Minister, Death by hanging; commuted to life in prison by Kaiser Franz-Joseph based on recommendation of the court and Finance Minister, Death by firing squad (executed 26 June 1917) and 70 dinar court fee and additional witness fees, 15 years in prison (commuted and released in 1919) and 60 dinar court fee and additional witness fees, Fomenko, A. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand lead to the "war to end all wars" because it set off a series of war declarations on numerous nations because of alliances that have been formed. As the cars attempted to reverse back onto the Appel Quay, Princip whipped out his pistol and fired two shots at the archduke from point-blank range, piercing him in the neck and also striking Sophies abdomen. Perhaps it was in that very room on June 28, 1914, that Austro-Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph received word of his heir apparent Franz Ferdinand's assassination in Sarajevo. The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand on 28 June 1914 set off a chain of events that led to war in early August 1914. The bomb bounced off the folded back convertible cover into the street. His assassination was a coup d'tat. [79], Arriving at the Town Hall for a scheduled reception, Franz Ferdinand showed understandable signs of stress, interrupting a prepared speech of welcome by Mayor Fehim Curi to protest: "Mr. Mayor, I came here on a visit and I am greeted with bombs. On 26 March 1914,[39] Ili informed Mehmedbai that Belgrade (meaning the Black Hand) thought that an attack of Franz Ferdinand instead of the Potiorek would be far more important and that they would support it. Here's a look at the assassination of Franz Ferdinand. Apis's confession, however, states that "I engaged Malobabi to organize the assassination on the occasion of the announced arrival of Franz Ferdinand to Sarajevo. "It could have been a regional war. Why did World War One start? - BBC Bitesize [62] The Austrians later captured the report, Pai's handwritten notes, and additional corroborating documents. Introduction - Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Topics in Within days, Germany declared war on RussiaSerbia's allyand invaded France via Belgium, which then caused . The immediate reason for Austria's ultimatum was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife. Under the guise of cultural activities, it operated to undermine the loyalty of Bosnian Serbs to the Habsburg regime. Here he is, second from right, being dragged into police headquarters in Sarajevo. Under this same treaty, the Great Powers (Austria-Hungary, the United Kingdom, France, the German Empire, Italy, and the Russian Empire) gave official recognition to the Principality of Serbia as a fully sovereign state, which four years later transformed into a kingdom under Prince Milan IV Obrenovi who thus became King Milan I of Serbia. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. [89] When the Archduke's driver followed their route, Governor Potiorek, who was sharing the third vehicle with the Imperial couple, called out to the driver to stop as he was going the wrong way. On July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and the fragile peace between Europe's great powers collapsed, beginning the devastating conflict now known as the First World War. They agreed to protect each other. For the assassination Ili recruited seventeen-year-old Sarajevo high-school student Vaso ubrilovi, eighteen-year-old student Cvjetko Popovi, as well as Mehmed Mehmedbai, shortly after Orthodox Easter (as given by Dedijer: 19 April 1914), as testified by Ili, ubrilovi, and Popovi at the Sarajevo trial. Because European nations had numerous colonies around the world, the war soon became a global conflict. Following a banquet with religious and political leaders, only one day of events remained before Ferdinand and Sophie were to return home. Popovi, in turn, provided them with a letter to Serbian Captain Prvanovi, and filled out a form with the names of three customs officials whose identities they could assume and thereby receive discounted train tickets for the ride to Loznica, a small border town. The circumstantial evidence against Ciganovi includes his sinecure government job, his protection by the Chief of Police and Serbia's failure to arrest him (Austria-Hungary demanded Serbia arrest Major Vojislav Tankosi and Ciganovi, but Serbia arrested only Tankosi and lied saying that Ciganovi could not be found), Serbia's protection of Ciganovi during the war, and the government's provision for Ciganovi after it. [97] According to Albertini, "the first bullet wounded the Archduke in the jugular vein, the second inflicted an abdominal wound on the Duchess. Why did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand plunge - Quora Once the assassination occurred, Carlin explains that the consequent domino effect could not be stopped. [76] The bomb's timed detonator caused it to explode under the next car, putting that car out of action, leaving a 1-foot-diameter (0.30m), 6.5-inch-deep (170mm) crater,[75] and wounding 1620 people.[77]. So the expectation of all of us was that we simply would have to guard the frontiers so as had happened in the war of 1870 between France and Germany. [38], According to Mehmedbai while he was traveling to Bosnia-Herzegovina from France, police searched his train for a thief. De Schelking writes: On 1 June 1914 (14 June new calendar), Emperor Nicholas had an interview with King Charles I of Roumania, at Constanza. In 1917, all of the Sarajevo conspirators within Serbia's control were tried at Salonika on false charges, except Ciganovi, who even gave evidence against his comrades at the trial. You can look at the historical records and see how Austria-Hungary cared about issues like the rule of law. The "Black Hand" was a Serbian military society formed on 9 May 1911 by officers in the Army of the Kingdom of Serbia, originating in the conspiracy group that assassinated the Serbian royal couple in May 1903, led by captain Dragutin Dimitrijevi (Commonly referred to as "Apis").[153]. At one point, Ciganovi told Grabe: "Nothing doing, the old Emperor is ill and the Heir Apparent [sic] will not go to Bosnia. [40] (Apis later boasted to the Serbian Court that he ordered the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in his position as head of the Intelligence Department,[41] however Apis made the unproven claims in 1917 attempting to save his own life since he was about to be executed for high treason. Formerly controlled by the Ottoman Empire, Bosnia-Herzegovinas population was roughly 40 percent Serb, 30 percent Muslim and 20 percent Croat, with various other ethnicities making up the remainder. "[125], Prison terms, death sentences and acquittals were as follows:[126]. [173] After conducting a criminal investigation, verifying that Germany would honor its military alliance, and persuading the skeptical Hungarian Count Istvn Tisza, Austria-Hungary issued a formal letter to the government of Serbia on 23 July 1914. Four years later [after WW1 began] they have poison, gas, heavy bombs bombing cities, submarines, machine guns, artillery, tanks," Carlin said. Ferdinand and Sophie departed their estate for Bosnia-Herzegovina on June 23. [28] Franz Ferdinand had to wait as his own speech, still wet with blood from being in the damaged car, was brought to him. How did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand eventually lead It was one of the victims of the First World War, defeated and torn apart by the end of the conflict. On 23 May Apis and eight of his associates were sentenced to death; two others were sentenced to 15 years in prison. [186][183] The 100th anniversary of the assassination was commemorated with a concert by the Vienna Philharmonic in the Sarajevo City Hall, in an event that was organized by the European Union. Serbia's monarchs, at the time from the royal House of Obrenovi that maintained close relations with Austria-Hungary, were content to reign within the borders set by the treaty. [63], abrinovi's father was a Sarajevo police official. The shot that sparked the First World War | HistoryExtra The assassination of Franz Ferdinand in Austria was not the only reason for the outbreak of WWI. The consequences of his action were very bad for Bosnia. [145], In the days leading up to the assassination, Pai was the caretaker prime minister because during this period the Serbian Government briefly fell to a political alliance led by the Serbian Military. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to World War I. People had already had enough of the Serbian provocation." [16] (General Vereanin went on to crush the last Bosnian peasant uprising in the second half of 1910). Just hours after narrowly escaping an assassin's bomb, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to Austro-Hungarian throne and his wife, the Duchess of Hohenberg, are killed by Gavrilo Princip. "[121] ubrilovi explained that he was afraid a revolutionary organization capable of committing great atrocities stood behind Princip and that he therefore feared his house would be destroyed and his family killed if he did not comply and explained that he knew such an organization existed in Serbia, at least at one time. [110] On the night of the assassination, country-wide anti-Serb pogroms and demonstrations were also organized in other parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, particularly on the territory of modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. [18] Grabe stated that he would never have taken part had he known that it would lead to a European war. In order to dissuade any other bomb throwers, the motorcade zipped down the Appel Quay at high speeds. Keystone-France/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images. Thus, for love, did the Archduke go to his death. Grbi passed the terrorists and their weapons to the agents of the Serbian Narodna Odbrana for transport into Austro-Hungarian territory and from safe-house to safe-house. He had worked as a schoolteacher and as a bank worker but in 1913 and 1914 he lived with, and outwardly off, his mother, who operated a small boarding house in Sarajevo. It was a huge, multi-ethnic empire located in the middle of Europe. [105] The Archduke and his wife were interred at Artstetten Castle because the Duchess could not be buried in the Imperial Crypt.[106]. [61] The report to Pai added the name of a new military conspirator, Serbian Major Kosta Todorovi, Boundary Commissioner and Director of Serbian Military Intelligence Services for the frontier line from Rada to Ljubovija. How did nationalism lead to problems with foreign relations? [15] eraji was a 22-year-old Bosnian Serb from Nevesinje, Herzegovina, who was a student at the Faculty of Law at the University of Zagreb. READ: What Caused the First World War (article) | Khan Academy By mistake, three local police officers got into the first car with the chief officer of special security; the special security officers who were supposed to accompany their chief got left behind. The assassination occurred in Sarajevo when the motorcade was traveling to Sarajevo when a member of the Black Hand threw a bomb at the motorcade. "[166] Werchovsky admitted the involvement of his office and then fell silent on the subject.[167]. First, Austria-Hungary gained German support for punitive action against Serbia. Austria-Hungary was furious and, with Germany's support, declared war on Serbia on July 28. It is outrageous. Hitler sent it to the Berlin Zeughaus where it was put on display in the military museum until 1945 when it disappeared. And we left on Tuesday morning; nobody thinking there was going to be a war immediately. A principal agreement was quickly reached, but the delivery of the weapons was delayed for more than a month. [189] Milorad Dodik acknowledged that Bosnia is "still divided", but maintained that Princip was a "freedom fighter" and that Austria-Hungary had been an "occupier".[190]. The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand played a key role in causing the war due to those involved. B. Post is fun and all, but people should be aware of the glaring historical inaccuracy here: Gavrilo Princip was not eating a sandwich when he shot Archduke Ferdinand. The assassination was traced to a Serbian extremist group that wanted to increase Serbian power in the Balkans by breaking up the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosniaks and Croats largely view Gavrilo Princip as a terrorist and an ethnic Serb nationalist. A suspect, a 19-year old Bosnian-Serb named Gavrilo Princip, was apprehended. On the eve of the assassinations centennial, find out how a teenage Serbian nationalist provided the spark for World War I. The Domino Effect - How Europe fell into World War I Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand | Modern American History "Four years before the war broke out, the German chancellor Otto Von Bismark said that Europe was a powdered keg," Carlin told CBS News. And here we are today, 100 years later. The information was received by Pai early enough, according to Education Minister Ljuba Jovanovi, for the government to order the border guards to prevent the assassins from crossing. The military favored promoting Jovan Jovanovi to Foreign Minister,[147] and Jovanovi's loyalties one might expect to have been divided and his orders therefore carried out poorly. [129][130] Charles I of Austria laid out Austria-Hungary's key demand for returning Serbia to the control of the Serbian Government in exile: that Serbia should provide guarantees that there be no further political agitation emanating from Serbia against Austria-Hungary.
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