Psychological Stress Types, Symptoms & Examples | What is Stress? The record label also marketed Ma extensively, and she earned various titles such as the Songbird of the South and the Gold-Neck Woman of the Blues.. Tabula Rasa Overview & Blank Slate | What is Tabula Rasa? Republic of Palau: History, People & Language | Where is Palau? Deacon: Role Origin & Traditions | What is a Deacon? Urdu Language History, Facts & Development | What is Urdu? She was then know as Ma even though the marriage did not last. Pentecostal Church History & Beliefs | What is Pentecostalism? Ma Rainey's 'Black Bottom' True Story - What Happened to Ma - Esquire Holy Saturday: History & Traditions | The Saturday Before Easter, Protestant Denominations: List & Beliefs | Branches of Protestantism. Fatwa, Islamic Religious Ruling: History & Examples | What is a Fatwa? In 1939, the blues singer breathed her last owing to a heart attack in Rome, Georgia. Zao Jun, Chinese Kitchen God: Myths & Facts | Who is the Stove God? Europa in Greek Mythology: Life & Family | Who was Europa? Equestrian Statue of Gattamelata | History, Description & Style, Shore Temple of Mamallapuram | Overview, History & Facts, Black Stone of Mecca | History, Description & Location. Gertrude 'Ma' Rainey - Prove It On Me Blues, The True Story of Ma Rainey's Black Bottom, Chadwick Boseman Lived by Truth and Service, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. Yama the Hindu God of Death: Origin & Mythology | Who was Lord Yama? 'Ma Rainey's coming to town, the boss blues singer.' And you respect Ma." In 1981, Sandra Lieb wrote the first full-length book about Rainey, Mother of the Blues: A Study of Ma Rainey. Avatar Overview, Concept & Examples | What is an Avatar? Sobek: Characteristics, Myths & History | Who is the Egyptian Crocodile God? MA RAINEY II, LONGTIME BLUES SINGER IN MEMPHIS - Sun Sentinel Who was Ma Rainey, "mother of the blues"? - HistoryExtra The Animals: Band History, Facts & Songs | Who are The Animals? Born in Columbia,. Create your account. Hedonic Treadmill Theory & Examples | What is Hedonic Adaptation? Benten, Japanese Goddess: Overview & Symbols | Who is Benten? Hogmanay History, Facts & Traditions | How is Hogmanay Celebrated? [26] Rainey's career was not immediately affected; she continued recording for Paramount and earned enough money from touring to buy a bus with her name on it. At the turn of the decade, her style of music was longer in demand, and consequently, this affected her career to a great extent. Eid al-Adha History & Celebration | What is Eid? As was often the case with tent show acts, she wintered in New Orleans, where she befriended jazz musicians like Louis Armstrong, Sidney Bechet, and Joe King Oliver. 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Social Democratic Party of Germany | Overview, History & Facts, SS Great Eastern | Designer, Construction & History, The Planets Suite by Gustav Holst | Composer, Inspiration & Structure, The Way of the World by William Congreve | Play Summary & Characters. Daphne D. Harrison, Black Pearls: Blues Queens of the 1920s (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1988). Apart from this, theU.S. Post Officereleased a 29 cent stamp in her honor in 1994. The Sun Dance Ceremony Practices & Overview | What is the Sun Dance? Religion in Norway | Overview, History & Facts. Entablature Overview & Purpose | What is an Entablature in Architecture? Rainey developed a relationship with Bessie Smith. After singing at the Springer Opera House's talent show called ''Bunch of Blackberries,'' she joined a traveling vaudeville show. She mesmerised them and that was her control, that was her power, and she put her power into what she did. Hindu Gods & Goddesses With Many Arms | Overview, Purpose & List. [17] In 1920, Mamie Smith was the first black woman to be recorded. Authoritarian Government Facts & Examples | What is Authoritarianism? Linear A: Overview, History & Language | What is the Minoan Linear A Script? Danny was born November 28, 1962 in Meridian, MS and was the son of Jeanne and James Tucker of Jackson.. Dispensationalism Overview & Theology | What is Dispensationalism? Shrove Tuesday: History, Traditions & Names | What is Shrove Tuesday? United Farm Workers Overview, History & Facts | What is the UFW? Cyrillic Letters & Translation | What is the Slavic Alphabet? Chinese Characters Overview & Writing | How to Write Chinese Characters. "Ma" Rainey (born Gertrude Pridgett; c. April 26, 1886 December 22, 1939) was one of the earliest known American professional blues singers and one of the first generation of such singers to record. City Beautiful Movement | Origin, Purpose & Architecture. Chinese Calligraphy Overview & Facts | Calligraphy in Chinese Art. Separated from her husband in 1916 ." From Persephone Magazine Shortly after beginning her career, [Gertrude Pridgett] met the man who would become her husband. William Rainey (c.1876 - c.1919) - Genealogy - geni family tree Tonga History, Culture & People | Where is Tonga Located? All Saints' Day Facts & History | What is the Day After Halloween? Book of Tobit Summary & Significance | What is the Book of Tobit? Isma'ilism Origin & Beliefs | What is Isma'ili Islam? Fiqh in Islam: Origin & Role | What is Islamic Jurisprudence? Samson in the Bible: Story & Delilah | Who was Samson in the Bible? In her late teens, she married William Rainey, and both toured with the Rabbit Foot Minstrels. Names of God in Judaism | History, Examples & Significance. Izanagi Origin & Role | Who is Izanagi in Japanese Mythology? Ute Tribe: History & Reservations | Who are the Ute People? She was the second of five children and started performing at black minstrel shows in her teenage years. Azerbaijan History, People & Facts | Where is Azerbaijan Located? She also collaborated with the iconic Louis Armstrong on tracks like Moonshine Blues. In 1924, she went on a tour of theTheater Owners Booking Association(TOBA) with the Wildcats Jazz Band, which was assembled by Thomas Dorsey. Quinceanera Traditions & Origin | What is a Quinceanera? Over the next five years, Rainey would record many hits, such as ''Moonshine Blues'' and ''Shave 'Em Dry.'' The blues queen was born Lillie Mae Glover and took the name Ma Rainey II in 1939 following the death of the original Ma Rainey, whose style she emulated. Tunisia History, People & Culture | Location of Tunisia. Il s'agt d'un long mtrage avec une excution sur 1h 34min. Ranking of Nobles: Overview, Hierarchy & Titles | British Peerage System. Nomothetic vs. Idiographic | Differences, Approaches & Examples. Sita, Hindu Goddess: Story & Description | Who is Sita in Ramayana? The Rosary: Prayers & Beads | What is the Rosary? 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Joe DiMaggio Career, Life & Death | Who was Joe DiMaggio? Dan Rainey | Facebook Pillars in Architecture: Overview & Function | What is a Pillar? Beltane Festival History, Facts & Celebration | What is Beltane? Over the course of her illustrious career, Ma worked with the likes of Joe King Oliver,Louis Armstrong,Sidney Bechet, andPops Foster. Nataraja Overview, Mythology & Facts | Shiva as Lord of the Dance. John Bull Overview, Symbolism & Cartoons | Who is John Bull? Samsara in Hinduism: History & Beliefs | What is Samsara? No matter, by all accounts, she was the first woman to incorporate blues into vaudeville, minstrel and tent shows. Closure Principles & Examples | What is Closure in Psychology? [35] It is unclear if she maintained the royalties to her songs after she was fired from Paramount. Oni, Japanese Demon: Origins & Stories | What is an Oni? Canonization History & Process | How to Become a Saint. Primitive Baptist History & Beliefs | What is a Hard Shell Baptist? The two combined acts and started touring with the Rabbit Foot Minstrels. However, the 1900 census stipulates that her date of birth could be somewhere in September of 1882 (inAlabama) instead. Thelema Founder & Beliefs | What is Thelema's Do What Thou Wilt? Ma Rainey Gold Teeth, Husband, Sexuality, Death and - SpikyTV The classification, by Sandra Lieb, is almost entirely by form. [31], Rainey was inducted into the Blues Foundation's Hall of Fame in 1983 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990. Sheol in the Hebrew Bible: Overview & Significance | What is Sheol? She helped to pioneer a genre that appealed to North and South, rural and urban audiences. Brookline, MA. Egyptian Scarab Beetle Symbol & Significance | What is a Scarab? Ma Rainey had an adopted son named Danny. [7] However, the 1900 census indicates that she was born in September 1882 in Alabama, and researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc suggest that her birthplace was in Russell County, Alabama. Communitarianism Overview, Ethics & Examples | What is a Communitarian? Ma Rainey - Wikipedia Sanskrit Language Origin, Writing & Alphabet | What is Sanskrit? I AM Movement History & Discourses | What is the I AM Movement? Human Security Overview & Concepts | What is Human Security? This genre blend emphasized by Rainey's booming voice created a truly unique sound. Kenites in the Bible Quotes & Significance | Who were the Kenites? Flagellants History, Overview & Facts | What is Self-Flagellation? Golden Calf Story, Significance & Facts | Moses & the Golden Calf, Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem | History, Construction & Purpose. Join Facebook to connect with Dan Rainey and others you may know. Contour Lines on Maps: Purpose & Importance | What are Contour Lines? Ancient Ouroboros Symbol | History, Significance & Examples, Laurel and Hardy | Careers, Films & Influence. [53], Mo'Nique played Rainey in the 2015 television film Bessie about the life of Bessie Smith, for which she earned a nomination for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie. The Houston Astrodome History, Facts & Use | What is the Astrodome? But I think her looks were part of her act just look at some of those kids out there today, those young med with the wild hair and makeup. Dry Farming Process, Crops & Facts | What is Dryland Farming? Writing Systems Overview & History | Types of Writing Systems, Tanakh vs. Torah Overview & Differences | Jewish Holy Books, The Japanese Kappa | Overview, History & Variations. "The Mother of the Blues" was among the first blues singers to record music. Psychological Theories Concept & Examples | What is a Theory in Psychology? Neoplatonism Overview & Facts | What are the Beliefs of Neoplatonism? Baptist Beliefs, Denominations & Facts | Types of Baptist Churches. While most sources state that she was born on April 26, 1886, in Columbus, Georgia, some suggest that her birth occurred in September 1882 in . [28], According to the website queerculturalcenter.org, the lyrics refer to an incident in 1925 in which Rainey was "arrested for taking part in an orgy at [her] home involving women in her chorus". Chinese Tongs History & Purpose | What is a Tong? Armenian Language Overview & History | What Language is Spoken in Armenia? Oligarchy Facts, Characteristics & Examples | What is an Oligarchy? Viola Davis brings the character to life and the plot also exposes the many trials and tribulations that the black community faced in the 1920s. You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site. Sandra R. Lieb, Mother of the Blues: A Study of Ma Rainey (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1981). When Paramount went bankrupt in the 1930s, owing to the rise of radio and the severe wallop of the Great Depression, Raineys records fell out of print, and remained difficult to access until they were remastered and reissued in the late 1960s. Ancient Greek Alphabet History & Facts | What are the Greek Letters? Songs without any twelve-bar or eight-bar structure are classified as non-blues. August Wilson Plays & Biography | Who was August Wilson? Walter Cronkite Biography & Sign Off | Who was Walter Cronkite? Women's History Month Overview & Facts | When is Women's History Month? Intaglio Overview, Types & Techniques | What is Intaglio Printmaking? [33] In 1928, she worked with Dorsey again and recorded 20 songs, before Paramount terminated her contract. History of Groundhog Day: Origin & Facts | What is Groundhog Day? Ma Rainey was born Gertrude Malissa Nix Pridgett in Columbus, Georgia on April 26, 1886. Anthony Burgess Life, Career & Books | Who was Anthony Burgess? Shema Overview, Significance & Uses | What is the Shema Prayer? Juneteenth History, Facts & Importance | What is Juneteenth? Electronic Voting Systems: Overview, Pros & Cons | What is E-Voting? Maronite: History, Church & Religion | Who are the Maronites? Soul Food Overview, History & Examples | What is Soul Food? Ma Rainey was one of the matriarchs of early 20th century Blues; in fact, she is often referred to as ''The Mother of Blues.'' Heka, Egyptian God of Magic & Medicine | Origin, Mythology & Facts. Loch Ness Monster Sightings & Legend | What is Nessie? Anansi the Spider: Stories & Mythology | Who is Anansi? The June 2012 death of Darren Rainey, an inmate at the Dade Correctional Institution in South Florida, attracted national attention after other inmates claimed he was burned like "a boiled lobster" after about two hours in a shower that guards had modified to punish prisoners. She made her debut with the Bunch of Blackberries revue at the Springer Opera House in Columbus. Dorsey entered Rainey's world in 1924. 0 5 minutes read. Fuxi Origin, Creation Myth & Significance | Who was Emperor Fu Hsi? Jewish Religious Clothing | Types, History & Examples. Religious Sacrifice | Origin, Types & Examples. Malleus Maleficarum History & Facts | What is the Hammer of Witches? Chateau Gaillard: History & Location | Where is the Chateau Gaillard? Merlin the Wizard: Mythology, Legend & Names | Who is Merlin? Zaibatsu Origin & Purpose | What is Zaibatsu in Japan? Is Ma Raineys Black Bottom a True Story. 12 May 2015. Brynhild: Origins & Myths | Who is Brunhild in Norse Mythology? [32], Toward the end of the 1920s, live vaudeville went into decline, being replaced by radio and recordings. Sabbath Overview & Significance | What is the Sabbath? London Bridge History & Facts | Where is the London Bridge? Though Rainey died relatively young, her legacy is truly immortal. Malayalam History, Alphabet & Writing System | The Malayalam Language, Mandarin Chinese Language | Geography, History & Variants. Hindutva Overview, History & Hinduism | What is Hindutva? Atharvaveda Overview & Significance | What is the Atharvaveda? [2] Pridgett claimed to have been born on April 26, 1886 (beginning with the 1910 census, taken April 25, 1910), in Columbus, Georgia. Masque Overview & Examples | What is a Masque? However, the 1900 census indicates she was born in September 1882 in Alabama, and researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc suggest that her birthplace was in Russell County, Alabama. She also became acquainted with a young Bessie Smith, who would later become known as the Empress of Blues. Rainey became a mentor to Smith, as they bonded over their bisexuality and their shared passion for lyrics that pushed the envelope of propriety. Leaning Tower of Pisa Overview & Facts | Where is the Pisa Tower? Scathach Mythology & Appearances | Who is Scathach in Celtic Mythology? Amaterasu Goddess Origin & Significance | Who is Amaterasu? We may earn a commission from these links. [8][9] She was the second of five children of Thomas and Ella (ne Allen) Pridgett, from Alabama. Njord Origins & Mythology | Who is the Norse God of the Sea? Synaptic Pruning & Neural Connections | What is Pruning in Psychology? Painting Techniques | Types, Styles & Tips, Naxalite-Maoist Insurgency: History & Leaders | Naxalism in India. Aten the Sun God: History & Facts | Who was the Egyptian God Aten? Her first recording was made in 1923. Set over the course of a single afternoon, the film is an impactful one. New Left History, Facts & Overview | What is New Leftism? Changeling Mythology: History & Folklore | What is a Changeling? Tarot History, Origins & Decks | What are Tarot Cards? Icarus Overview & Greek Mythology | What is the Story of Icarus? Coptic Christians Geography & Beliefs | What are Coptics? About twelve years after joining acts and adopting a son, Danny, the Raineys divorced, and Ma Rainey began her solo act. They founded their own band, Rainey and Rainey, Assassinators of the Blues, in 1914. (They would continue to tour together for the next few years). Ummah in Islam: Overview & Concept | What is Ummah? Ebony Overview, Types & Facts | What is Ebony Wood? Teen Relationship Psychology | How Do Teenagers Act When They're in Love? Safavid Architecture | History, Facts & Examples. Rainey displayed a talent for singing at a young age and began performing as a teenager. Suits in Playing Cards: Overview, Symbols & Order | What is a Suit? Skadi in Norse Mythology: Role & Family | Who is Skadi? By 1917 Ma [without Pa] was packing them in. She largely faded into obscurity until 1935, after the death of her mother and sister, when she returned to her hometown in Georgia and effectively retired from show business. Smith, for example, made millions of dollars for Columbia Records, but could not read and received no royalties. Palestine History, People & Religion | Where is Palestine Located? Arabic Alphabet: Origin, Letters & Script | The Arabic Writing System. Ma Rainey: The Mother Of The Blues | uDiscover Music She then recorded various songs under the name of Ma Rainey and her Georgia Jazz Band. Adobe Bricks Material, Use & Overview | What is Adobe Clay? Father of Danny Rainey, From Ma Rainey." Early in 1904, Will "Pa" Rainey, a singer, dancer, and comedian, was smitten by Gertrude's charms. [4] Dubbed the "Mother of the Blues", she bridged earlier vaudeville and the authentic expression of southern blues, influencing a generation of blues singers. Switch to the light mode that's kinder on your eyes at day time. [16], From the late 1910s, there was an increasing demand for recordings by black musicians. Create an account to start this course today. Nicholas Brothers' Biographies & Careers | The Tap Dancing Brothers, Marathi History, Grammar & Alphabet | The Marathi Language. Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie, "The True Story Of Ma Rainey From Netflix's 'Ma Rainey's Black Bottom', "Overlooked No More: Ma Rainey, the 'Mother of the Blues', "Ma Rainey's Lesbian Lyrics: 5 Times She Expressed Her Queerness in Song", "Ma Rainey Is Best Known as a Pioneer of the Blues. Shillings Overview, History & Usage | What is a Shilling? Though Ma Rainey's life revolved around performance from an early age, her life was not without hardships. Georgian Orthodox Church Origin & Beliefs | What is Orthodox Religion? Ma Rainey married Will "Pa" Rainey, a fellow vaudeville comedian, singer, and dancer. Cognitive Development in Infants | Overview & Theories. Friendship Overview, Development & Facts | What is Friendship? Year of Jubilee History & Significance | What is the Jubilee? [A] A story later developed that Rainey kidnapped Smith, forced her to join the Rabbit's Foot Minstrels, and taught her to sing the blues; the story was disputed by Smith's sister-in-law Maud Smith. Santería Religion: History, Beliefs & Practices | What is Santería? Ranching: History & Methods | What is Ranching? All Saints' Day History, Traditions & Facts | All Hallows' Day, Worldwide Church of God: History & Founder | Grace Communion International. Kwanzaa History, Traditions & Principles | Kwanzaa Overview. Separated from her husband in 1916 ". Sangha Origin, Development & Role | What is Sangha in Buddhism? Megalithic Monuments Overview & Examples | What is a Megalith? Prayer Wheel History & Significance | Prayer Wheels in Buddhism. [42] The portrayals of black female sexuality, including those bucking heteronormative standards, fought ideas of what a woman should be and inspired Alice Walker in developing her characters for The Color Purple. But according to The New York Times, a census taken in 1900 lists her birthdate as September 1882 and her birthplace as Alabama. [41] In her songs, she and other black women sleep around for revenge, drink and party all night and generally live lives that "transgressed these ideas of white middle class female respectability". The Laity: History, Types & Roles | What is a Lay Person? Psychology | Overview, Differences & Examples, Lawrence Kohlberg: Contributions to Psychology | Overview, Theory & Examples, Imaginary Audience Overview & Examples | Imaginary Audience in Psychology, Prototypes in Psychology | Overview, Theory & Examples, Incentive Theory of Motivation in Psychology | Approaches, Uses & Examples, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by Rembrandt | Analysis & Style. [1][12] A member of the First African Baptist Church, she began performing in black minstrel shows. Although the musicians on these albums innovated profoundly in the genres of jazz, gospel, and blues, they were often under-recognized and underpaid, receiving little credit or fame for their musicianship. Architectural Columns Structure, Parts & Types | What are Columns? Braille History, Facts & Letters | Who Invented Braille? After their deaths, she relocated to Georgia and bought two theatres that she would run for the remainder of her life. [31], Academy Award winner Mo'Nique played Ma Rainey in the 2015. Blobitecture Characteristics & Examples | What is Blob Architecture? Crucifixion of Jesus: Overview & Significance | Why was Jesus Crucified? Genealogy for Danny Rainey (c.1907 - d.) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Toiling anonymously in black tent shows with Pa Rainey, whom she married at age 18, she seemed destined for a life of poverty and obscurity. Valentine's Day History, Facts & Traditions | Valentine's Day Overview. While touring, she met vaudeville performer Will ''Pa'' Rainey, whom she would marry and join acts with. Indemnity Overview & Indemnification Clause | What is Indemnity? Holy of Holies: Overview & Locations | What is the Holy of Holies? 4'33" by John Cage History & Facts | What is the Silence Song? Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople | Overview, History & Facts, The Afterlife in Christianity | Overview, Beliefs & Facts, Sacred Heart of Jesus | Significance, Prayer & Facts, Hindu Sacred Places | Temples, Holy Sites & Pilgrimage Places. Then, in 1924, Rainey joined forces with Miles Pruitt and another guitarist to record ''Shave 'Em Dry.'' Mikvah, Jewish Ritual Bath: Overview & Rules | What is a Mikvah? Samadhi Overview, Significance & Facts | What is Samadhi? Rama the Hindu God: History, Facts & Overview | Who is Lord Rama? Avar History, Culture & Facts | Who are the Avar People? In 2004, See, See Rider was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. Isfahan Mosque History & Facts | What is the Shah Mosque? [11], Pridgett began her career as a performer at a talent show in Columbus, Georgia, when she was approximately 12 to 14 years old. Bayon Temple History & Facts | What is the Bayon Temple in Cambodia? Sources are unclear on the exact date and circumstances under which Rainey and Smith met, but it was probably sometime between 1912 and 1916. Behemoth Overview, Mythology & Description | What is a Behemoth? Republic of Moldova: History, People & Language | Where is Moldova? Doge of Venice: History, Role & Election | Who were the Doges of Venice? Tyche, Greek Goddess of Success | Origin, Mythology & Role, Nemesis, Greek Goddess of Vengeance | Origin, Mythology & Role, Hard News Overview & Examples | Hard News vs. Soft News. What you may not know is the true story behind the project, which concerns a once-in-a-generation musician ahead of her timea woman determined to control her art and her life on her own terms. Ebisu Overview & Mythology | Who is the Japanese God Ebisu? Encyclopedia History, Examples & Facts | What is an Encyclopedia? Septuagint Overview, History & Facts | What is the Septuagint? Israel Religion: History & Facts | What is the Main Religion in Israel? Ma Rainey married William "Pa" Rainey in 1904, and the two went on to perform in minstrel performances together, the most famous of which being Rabbit's Foot Company. Although most of Rainey's songs that mention sexuality refer to love affairs with men, some of her lyrics contain references to lesbianism or bisexuality,[27] such as the 1928 song "Prove It on Me": They said I do it, ain't nobody caught me. Kumbh Mela Pilgrimage & Festival | What is Kumbh Mela? Clique sur un lien pour le regarder maintenant ! San Fermin Festival: History & Events | What is the San Fermin Festival? Brown said of her, Ma Rainey was a tremendous figure. Immediate Family: Son of John Rainey and Jane Eccles. Creativity in Psychology: Overview, Theories & Examples | What is Creativity? Rainey developed a relationship with Bessie Smith. Shoe History, Types & Materials | When were Shoes First Made? She joined the Friendship Baptist Church, where her brother was a deacon. Panpsychism Origin & Theory | What is Panpsychism? Statue of David by Michelangelo | History, Creation & Facts, Sukkot Overview, History & Significance | Feast of Tabernacles. Centeotl, Aztec God of Corn | Mythology, Facts & Importance. Poverty Overview, Causes & Types | What is Poverty? Hebrew Alphabet Overview & Chart | What Letters are in the Hebrew Alphabet? So, what happened to Ma in real life? Midsummer Overview, History & Facts | What is Midsummer Day? The Antichrist in the Bible Context & Facts | Who is the Antichrist? That troupe is said to have featured Rainey singing the blues. Aztec Writing: Language & Alphabet | What were the Aztec Forms of Writing? Overgeneralization in Psychology | Overview & Examples. Rainey's songs were both distinct in sound and content. Ma Rainey was known as The. Incarnation of Jesus History & Significance | What is Incarnation? Khoisan Peoples: Cultures & Languages | Who are the Khoisan Peoples? Orr, N. L.. "Gertrude "Ma" Rainey (1886-1939)." Supply Train Overview, History & Facts | What are Baggage Trains? Modern Hebrew Language: Origin & Alphabet | What is Hebrew? Pankration History, Facts & Techniques | What is Pankration? Michel Nostradamus Life & Predictions | Who was Nostradamus? Good News Club v. Milford Central School | Summary & Case Brief, Hanuman Overview & Facts | Anjaneya Swamy in Hinduism, St Matthew Passion by Johann Sebastian Bach | Music, Text & Legacy, Treasures from the Wreck of the Unbelievable by Damien Hirst | Art, Film & Issues.